Like Thurstone or Guttman Scaling, Likert Scaling is a unidimensional scaling method. Here, I'll explain the basic steps in developing a Likert or "Summative" scale. Defining the Focus. As in all scaling methods, the first step is to define what it is you are trying to measure.

Skala guttman merupakan skala kumulatif. Sesuai dengan namanya, skala ini pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Louis Guttman (1916-1987). Dalam penggunaannya, skala guttman menghasilkan binary skor (0 - 1), dan digunakan untuk memperoleh jawaban yang tegas dan konsisten. Contoh : 1. Apakah anda yakin Indonesia akan menjadi negara maju 10 tahun lagi ? Principal Component Analysis is really, really useful. You use it to create a single index variable from a set of correlated variables. In fact, the very first step in Principal Component Analysis is to create a correlation matrix (a.k.a., a table of bivariate correlations). The rest of the analysis Guttman's lambda-2 (Guttman's ?2) is a reliability estimate. ?-2. In SPSS, Choose Analyze > Scale > Reliability Analysis. Choose "Guttman" from the drop-down Model selection box. SPSS output from Guttman's Lambda. Interpretation of Guttman's lambda-2. Reliability analysis allows you to study the properties of measurement scales and the items that compose the scales. The Reliability Analysis procedure calculates a number of commonly used measures of scale reliability and also provides information about the relationships between individual items in the scale. Universal Patterns in Cultural Evolution: An Empirical Analysis Using Guttman Scaling ABSTRACT We test for universal patterns in cultural evolution by Guttman scaling on two different worldwide samples of archae-ological traditions and on well-known archaeological sequences. The evidence is generally consistent with universal evolutionary se ABasic!Guide!to!Analyzing!IndividualScoresDatawith!SPSS!! Step1.Cleanthedatafile! Open%the%Excel%file%with%your%data.%You%may%getthe%following